REVIEW OF DRUGS USED FOR VAMANA KARMA
Drug
plays a vital role in the treatment of disease. There fore it is placed in
second position in the Chikitsaa Chatuspaada next to the physician.
Drugs are described as an instrument (Karana) of physician for treating
disease. For using the drugs to treat a disease, it is essential to have the
complete knowledge regarding the drugs. The
consideration of the drugs during the line of treatment for particular ailment
has great importance.
According to Charaka, the utilization of all drugs depends on the sense of the dose (Matra) and time (Kala) (Cha.Su.2/16). Charaka after quoting these notations, himself demonstrates the use of such “Drugs” which are having the properties equivalent to poisons (Similar between Cha.Ka.1/5 & Cha.Chi.23/24). So if applied the logic, one can fabricate the medicine from a poison. These are the drugs which are used for “Vamana”. He might have observed the strange properties of these drugs of producing emesis or purgation which are otherwise harmful if used at normal conditions. But with the great clinical sense and using the firm Ayurvedic principles, he used these qualities for rescuing the patients from various ailments.
“WHO” defines the “Drug” as -
“A drug is defined as any substance or
product that is used or intended to be used to modify or explore the physiological
systems or pathological status for the benefit of recipient”.
As Vamana Karma is totally unpredictable procedure, every drug should be employed with its full knowledge. The physician is always appreciated who has the knowledge about the drugs in all aspects. Charaka says, “One who knows the uses and actions of herbs, though not acquainted with their forms may be called as a known of the science, then what can be said to the physician who has the knowledge of the herbs in every aspect (i.e. Good Physician)” (Cha.Su.1/123).
Though
the other drugs having the same taste, properties & potency, but they
cannot produce Vamana and Virecana, because these drugs have the ability to set
off Vamana and Virecana with their self disposition (Prabhava) (Cha.Ka.1/5).
AIMS &
OBJECTIVES: -
1. To study the various drugs used for Vamana procedure in Ayurvedic classics.
2. To understand the mechanism of Vamana process with the help of these drugs.
In this clinical study, Ghrita was used for internal Snehapana during Purvakarma. Like wise Milk or Ikshurasa were Kapha utkleshaka or Vamanopaga dravyas utilized for the purpose of Akanthapana. Yastimadhu Kwatha and Yastimadhu Phanta were consumed by all individuals as Vamanopaga. Madanphala Pippali was the main Vamaka dravya used here in combination with Madhu, Saindhava & Vacha (For group B) as the drug of Pradhana Karma.
According to Ayurveda, Milk & Ikshurasa both are having Madhura Rasa & Snigdha & Sheeta Guna, for which they are used for Kaphavardhaka & Prakopaka purpose during Akanthapana in Vamana Karma. Ghrita is sweet, soft, gentle, least irritating and beneficial to the body in general. It stimulates digestive processes but is heavy to digest by itself. Ghrita corrects the conditions arising from the imbalance of Vata and Pitta and removes poison (vishaghna), corrects tremors and unconsciousness.
Madanphala is considered to be the best among the emetics because they are free from any adverse effects (i.e. Anapayitwat). Charaka had praised the combination of Honey with Madanphala (i.e. Randia dumetorum) in small doses act as nauseant/emetics & may provide useful properties as a nervine, carminative & antispasmodic during vomiting process.
Acorus calamus i.e. Vacha is having Spasmolytic action on isolated guinea pig’s trachea & ileum when contracted by acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin & barium chloride.
Glycyrrhiza glabra i.e. Yastimadhu may help to lower the increasing blood pressure during the laborious Vamana process. It also acts as smooth muscle relaxant.
The most fascinating factor, which draws
attention towards Yashtimadhu for preferring it ahead of many other drugs, is
the study carried out in cats which proved that it inhibited the passage of
barium suspension from the stomach to intestine. In dogs, it inhibited the
evacuation of water from stomach into duodenum. This will definitely prolongs the
process of vomiting which will allow the Vaidya to remove the vitiated material
as much as possible. Also it minimizes the fear of the affliction
produced after Vamana in which the drug administered for the purpose of Vamana
progresses into downward direction & voided through anal region.
Rock salt i.e. Saindhava Lavana is said to be the best in helping the process of emesis. According to Vagbhata, it possesses the properties like Visyandi, Aruksha, Sukshma, Usna & Vyavayi. Indu clears that it increases secretions through channels, penetrates the minute channels & spread quickly to the whole body. While Charaka explains its role in Vamana as helping to liquefy the Kapha Dosha & separate it from the srotases (Channels) (Cha.Ka.1/15).
GHRITA (GHEE)
Latin Name : Butyrum departum Chemical Composition: 100% animal fat.
English Name : Ghee Bhautika Sanghatana: Prthvi & Ambu (Su.Su.4)
Sanskrit Name: Ghrita, Aajya, Havih, Sarpih
Ghrita
or ghee is a yellowish white oily substance which solidifies on becoming cold
and requires a little heat to melt down. It is one of the most important milk
products. It is one of the products very widely used in
Actions
& Uses:
Since Ghrita can be used form birth, it helps in the growth of body fluids, blood, flesh, bone, marrow, muscles and semen. It gives longevity and is suited to children, young and old alike. It can be taken in the case of injuries & is recommended during weakness and other stresses. It makes all the sensory organs strong and healthy viz. eyes, nose, ears, skin and tongue. It is useful for the growth of hair and improves complexion. Stimulating the formation of bones, Ghee rejoins broken bones and increases milk secretion in women. As a complete food it satisfies man and imparts a glowing radiance to his personality. It is smooth, soft & heavy and exerts a cold influence on the semen. Many great pioneers have attributed numerous benefits to Ghrita. Some of the opinions regarding the Ghrita are:
Concept of Acharya Charaka
Ghrita increases memory and intelligence, stimulates appetite by increasing the Jatharagni & increases semen and radiance. It balances Vata and Pitta, reduces poison and hysteria etc. Removes, and corrects chronic pyrexia and disorders arising from it. Ghrita is the best among all the oily substances as it can be processed in thousands of ways to give endless benefits.
Concept of Acharya Sushruta
Ghrita alleviates hysteria, pain, fever and disorders of Vata & Pitta. It stimulates digestive processes but is heavy to digest by itself. It increases memory, intelligence, radiance, glow, beauty and strength. Ghrita induces longevity and increases semen. It is beneficial for the eyes and destroys the sins and rakshasa. It increases Kapha (Kaphakara).
Concept of Acharya Vagbhata
Ghrita is suitable for all age groups and apart from having the above listed qualities it stimulates fertility, heals wounds and is of special benefit in cases of burns and weapon wounds.
Concept of Acharya Bhava Mishra
In addition to
the above, Ghrita has a remarkable healing properties, alleviates tuberculosis
and cures many
disorders of blood.
Properties:
Rasa : Madhura Guna : Guru, Snigdha, Mridu
Veerya : Sheeta Vipaka
: Madhura
Doshakarma :
Vata-pittahara (Charaka),
Pitta-vatahara (B.P.), Kaphakara
Rogaghnata:
Udavartta, Jwara,
Unmada, Shula, Anaha, Vrana, Kshaya, Visarpa & Rakta Vikara
Karma:
Rasayana, Chakshusya,
Agnideepaka, Alpabhisyandi, Kanti, Oja, Teja & Lavanya Vardhaka,
Swarasmritikara, Medhya, Vrishya,
Ayusya, Balakrit, Visa,
Alakshmi&Paapahara.
Chemical
Constituents:
The
colour of Ghee is yellow to white depending upon the carotene content. Chemically
Ghee is complex molecule of lipid containing –
Triglycerides : 97 – 98% Phospholipids : 0.2 – 1.0%
Diglycerides : 0.25 –1.4% Steroles : 0.22 – 0.41%
Monoglycerides : 0.16 – 0.38% Vitamin A : 2500 I.U./100 gm
Ketoacid Glyceride : 0.015 – 0.018% Vitamin D : 8.5 x 10.7 gm/100gm
Glycerylesters :
0.011 – 0.015% Vitamin
E : 24 x 10. 3gm/100gm
Free fatty acid : 0.1 – 0.44% Vitamin K : 01 x 10-4 gm/100gm
Glycerides
in cow Ghee are Butric acid 4.5-6%, Caproic acid 1.0-1.36%, Caprylic acid
0.9-1%, Capric acid 1.5-1.8%, lauric acid 6-7%, Myristic acid 21-23%, Palmitic
acid 19-19.5%, Stearic acid 11-11.5%, Arachidic acid 0.5-0.8% Oleic acid
27-27.5%, Linoleic acid 4-5%.
Pharmacological
and Clinical Studies:
Ghee is lipophilic and this action of ghee facilitates transportation of ingredients of formulation to a target organ and final delivery, inside the cell, up to the mitochondria, microsome and nuclear membrane, because cell membrane also contains lipid.
Ghee taken within normal limit does not increase or decrease cholesterol level (Vasudevan - Text book of biochemistry). So, Shuddha Ghrita does not elevate cholesterol level. Here, Goghrita has been taken for 3 to 7 days which is for short duration to affect the cholesterol level. Vitamin A and E are antioxidants that help in preventing oxidative injury to the body. Due to the Palatibility of Ghee even at higher dose, relative to oil it is most acceptable to the internal environment of the body. Thus, it can be used for the internal Snehana of body prior to the Sanshodhana process. The individuals which are affected with heat and that are injured by weapons and poison are also the indications for the administration of Ghrita.
DUGDHA
(MILK)
Sanskrit Name : Dugdha, Kshira, Payah, Stanya & Balajeevana
English name : Milk
Uses:
Milk is used in Nasya, Avagahana,
Vamana, Asthapana, Virechana & Snehana Karma. It is also useful in Shukrapradosha,
Yoniroga, Mutraroga, Pradara, Pureesagrathita & used as a Pathya in all
Vata & Pitta Vikaras.
Properties:
Rasa :
Madhura Veerya : Sheeta
Guna :
Snigdha, Sheeta Vipaka : Madhura
Doshaghnata : Vatapittahara
Rogaghnata:
Jeernajwara, Manoroga, Shosa, Murchha, Bhrama, Grahani, Pandu, Daha, Trisha, Amlapitta, Udara Roga, Shatha, Hridroga, Shoola, Udavartta, Gulma, Bastiroga, Arsha, Raktapitta, Atisara, Yoniroga, Kasa, Shwasa, Jwara, Shrama, Klanti & Kshataksheena
Karma:
Chemical Constituents:
Milk contains Water, Protein (Casein, Whey Protein (i.e. lactalbumin
& lactoglobumin), Fat (Butyrates), Lactose, Calcium, Phosphorus, Vitamins
& Minerals etc.
IKSHU
Latin Name : Saccharum officinarum
Linn. Family : Poaceace (Gramineae)
English Name : Sugar Cane Gana : Trinapanchamula (Sushruta)
Sanskrit Name : Ikshu, Bahurasa, Deerghachhada, Bhurirasa, Gudhamula, Asipatra,
Gudamula, Madhutrina
Parts Used : Root, Stem
Action & Uses:
The roots are cooling, demulcent, stimulant, diuretic & useful in urinary disorders. The stems are sweet, cooling, emollient, laxative, cardiotonic, tonic, diuretic, galactogogue, aphrodisiac, expectorant & haemostatic.
They are useful in dipsia, fatigue, leprosy, cough, gastric disorders, cardiac debility, haematemesis, intrinsic haemorrhage, bronchitis, anaemia, erysipelas, ophthalmia, ulcers of the skin & mucous membrane, carbuncles, agalactia, seminal weakness, emaciation, general debility, fistula-in-ano, hiccough, diarrohea, delirium & gonorrhoea.
Properties:
Rasa : Madhura Veerya : Sheeta
Guna :
Guru, Snigdha & Sara Vipaka : Madhura
Doshaghnata: Vatapittashamaka
Rogaghnata:
Daha, Trishna, Murcha, Gulma, Udara,
Garhani, Vibandha, Kamala, Hridroga, Pandu, Raktapitta, Kasa, Shwasa, Hikka,
Shukradaurbalya, Mutrakrichhra, Daurbalya, Kshaya, Karshya, Visarpa.
Karma:
Raktapittashamaka,
Kaphavardhaka, Saraka, Krimikara, Hridya, Shlesmanisharaka, Balya, Vrisya,
Brimhana, Stanyajanana, Mutrala
Dose: Juice: 20 - 40 ml & Root Decodtion: 50
- 100 ml
Chemical Constituents:
Glycans-saccharans A, B, C, D, E & F, Neocarlinoside, Sugars, Carbohydrates,
Hemicelluloses, Pentosans, Starch, Pectins, Proteins, Albuminoses, Peptoses,
Acid amides, Carboxylic acids, Inorganic salts, Silica, Amino acids like
Valine, proline etc., Vitamins like thiamine, riboflavine etc., Phenols, Gums,
Phosphatides & Vit-D.
Pharmacological Activities:
Antioxidant, A steroid compound from Cane juice
has been found to alleviate joint stiffness induced in guinea pigs.
MADANAPHALA
Latin Name :
Randia dumetorum
Family Name :
Rubiaceae
Sanskrit Name : Madana, Chardana, Pindi, Visapuspaka, Salyak, Bastiasodhana,
Dharaphala, Nata, Karahata, Maruvaka
English Name : Emetic Nut
Gana :
Vamana, Phalini (Charaka), Urdhvabhagahara, Aragvadhadi,
Muskakadi (Sushrut)
Parts Used : Phala, Bija, Tvak. However in the present study, powder of its
seeds was used.
Plant : Thorny small tree,
found particularly in the region of
Leaves : Rotundus in shape and thorns are present in its axillary region.
Flowers : Yellowish White
Fruits : Grey coloured
Wealth of
Fruits ripen in cold season and eaten after roasting or cooking, within taste is said to
be lime almond. Further it has been written that owing to high tannin content, fruit has highly astringent taste and requires prolonged cooking before it can be consumed.
Sharma (1979):
Rasa of Phala Majja is Sweet and Bitter.
Wealth of
Outer and Inner pulps have the following proximate composition.
Content |
Outer Pulp |
Inner
Pulp |
|
Moisture |
74.1 |
71.4 |
|
Ether Extract |
0.2 |
0.1 |
|
Protein |
0.9 |
0.7 |
|
Sugar |
5.5 |
Trace |
|
Soluble CHO |
17.7 |
6.7 |
|
Crude fibre |
4.4 |
9.5 |
|
Acids (as citric) |
0.3 |
0.5 |
|
Tannins |
1.6 |
5.0 |
The Seeds:
The black coloured seeds present within the fruit are having the shape like that of Brihat Ela. According to Chakrapani, the seeds are called Madanaphala Pippali. As stated in W.O.I. Seed Contains Fat = 1.5%, Protein = 14.2%, Resin, Mucilage & Organic acid (1-4 %) and minute quantity of unidentified alkaloids.
The seed oil (fat) is yellowish green in order with consistency of butter and with the following characteristics:
Melting Point = 28-290C Saponification Value = 160.2
Sp. Gravity at 2000C = 0-9175 Iodine Value = 43.2
Acid
Value = 13.8
Bhavaprakasa: It is useful in Jirna Pratisyaya,
Kustha, Anaha, Gulma and Vrana, According to Sharma (1969); it is beneficial in
Kasa, Svasa, Kastarttava and Jwara.
Chopra (1958):
Dry Mucous pulp is good substitute for ipeacacuanha in dysentery. He further states that the fruit is used in Jull ender as a medicine (oral) used for abortion.
It is recommended as an antidote to snake bite and scorpion sting.
Action & Uses:
The fruits are bitter, astringent,
acrid, sweet, thermogenic, anodyne, carminative, anti-inflammatory,
anthelmintic, depurative, vulnery, emmenagogue, expectorant, febrifuge,
sudorific, abortifacient & antispasmodic.
It is useful in pains, sprains,
inflammation, gout, helminthiasis, leprosy, skin disorders, wounds, ulcers,
tumours, cough, asthma, bronchitis, colic, headache, constipation, flatulence,
amenorrhea, painful labour, dysmenorrhoea. It is one of the best &
safest emetic.
Properties:
Rasa : Kasaya, Madhura, Tikta, Katu Veerya : Ushna
Guna : Laghu, Ruksha Vipaka : Katu
Prabhava : Vamana
Doshaghnata : Kaphavatashamaka, Kaphapittasamshodhaka
Rogaghnata:
Vatavyadhi,
Amavata, Shotha-Vedanayukta Vikara, Vidradhi, Vrana,
Udarashoola, Gulma, Shoola,
Kaphapradhana Jwara, Shwasa, Kasa, Pratishyaya, Vibandha, Krimi,
Pravahika, Raktavikara, Kastarttava, Kastaprasava, Kustha, Jwara, Medoroga
& Visavikara.
Karma:
Shothahara,
Vedanasthapana, Vranashodhana, Nadishamaka, Vamaka, Vatanulomana, Krimighna,
Grahi, Raktashodhaka, Kaphanisharaka, Arttavajanana, Swedajanana, Kusthaghna,
Jwaraghna, Lekhana, Visaghna.
Doses: Fruit: 3 - 6 gms for emesis & Therapeutic
Dose: 1 - 2 gms
Pharmacological Activities:
Anti-inflammatory, Anti-ovulatory,
Anticancer, Insecticidal, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Antipyretic,
Antifertility, Cardiac Stimulant & Depressant, Hypotensive & CNS
Depressant, Anthelmintic, Antidiarrhoeal, Antipyretic, Anti-implantation.
Chemical Constituents:
(i) Six Saponins Dumetoronins - A, B, C, D, E and F isolated. All of them contain Oleonolic acid as a Glycone (J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1978, 55, 397).
(ii) A new glycoside i.e. Randioside A isolated from ripe fruits and characterized as β-D-galactopyranosyl (1→3) - Oleanolic acid (Indian J. for 1980, 3, 6; Chem. Abstr. 1981, 94, 153460 r).
(iii) Ripe fruit also contains Citric & Tartaric acids, Randionin (A haemolytic triterpenoid saponin), Randia acid, Neutral Saponins yield Oleanolic acid as Sapogenin, Ursosaponin gives Ursolic acid & Glucose.(Data Base on Medicinal Plants used in Ayurveda)
(iv) Fruits of
plant collected at
(v) 3-0-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl]-3-0-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-galactopyranosyl]-3-0-(β-D-xylopyranosyl )-olean-12-en-28oic is also a glycoside present in ripe fruit. (Data Base)
(vi) a-amyrin, b-sitosterol, Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid and D-mannitol isolated from stem heartwood & Iridoid, 10-methyllixoside are also isolated from leaves. (J. Indian Chem. Soc. 1981, 58, 825).
(vii) Detection of Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic (23.50%) Linoleic (23.25%) Arachidic acid & Lignoceric acids in seed oil by GLC - TLC (J. Sci. Res. 1983, 5, 91, Chem. Abstr. 1984, 100, 188811 a).
VACHA
Latin Name : Acorus Calamus Linn
Family : Araceae
Sanskrit Name : Vacha, Ugragandha, Shadgrantha, Mangalya, Golomee, Shataparvika,
Kshudrapatra, Jatila, Ugra, Lomasa (Bhavaprakasha)
English Name : Sweet Flag
Part Used : Mula (Rhizome)
Gana :
Virechana, Lekhaniya, Arshoghna, Triptighna, Asthapanopaga, Shita-
prasamana, Sanjnasthapana, Tiktaskandha, Shirovirechana
(Charaka)
Pippalyadi, Vachadi, Mustadi, Urdhwabhagahara
(Sushruta)
Actions &
Uses:
The Rhizome is
acrid, bitter, thermogenic, aromatic, intellect promoting, emetic, laxative, Carminative,
stomachic, anthelmintic, emmenagogue, diuretic, alexeteric, anodyne,
expectorant, antispasmodic, aphrodisiac, anticonvulsant, resuscitative,
sudorific, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, sialagogue, insecticidal, tranquillizing,
nervine tonic & sedative.
It is useful in stomatopathy,
hoarseness, colic, flatulence, gastritis, chronic dyspepsia, amenorrhea,
dysmenorrhoea, nephropathy, calculi, strangury, cough, bronchitis, asthma,
sinus headaches, sinusitis, odontalgia, pectoralgia, hepatodynia, otalgia, fevers. indigestion,
hiatus hernia, flatulent colic, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, colitis, dysentery, helminthiasis,
upper respiratory tract viral infections, intermittent fever, hay fever,
arthritis, gout, epilepsy, convulsions, hysteria, depression, shock, loss of
memory, deafness, neuralgia, numbness, urolithiasis, eczema &
general debility.
Properties:
Rasa : Katu, Tikta Vipaka :
Katu
Guna : Laghu, Tikshna, Sara Prabhava : Medhya
Veerya : Ushna Doshaghnata : Kaphavatashamaka
Rogaghnata:
Jihwajadatwa,
Sandhivata, Amavata, Pakshaghata, Apatantraka, Unmada, Apasmara, Agnimandya, Arsha,
Amajeerna, Aruchi, Vivandha, Adhmana, Krimi, Kasa, Pratishyaya, Swarabheda,
Ashmaree, Kastaprasava, Kastarttava, Sannipata & Medoroga.
Karma:
Kanthya, Medhya (Stimulate the power of
self-expression & enhance intelligence), Shamaka, Sanjnasthapana, Vedanasthapana, Shothahara,
Vamaka, Krimighnata, Arshoghna, Anulomaka, Kasashwasahara, Shoolaghna, Deepana,
Mootrajanana, Akshepashamana, Swedajanana & Jwaraghna.
Doses: 0.25 – 0.5 gm & for Vamana = 1 – 2 gm.
Pharmacological Activities:
Alcoholic extract
of the plant causes sedative & analgesic effects, moderate depression in
blood pressure & respiration; rhizome extract & essential oil effective
against houseflies. Other pharmacological activities are hypothermic,
hypotensive, thermogenic, Spasmolytic, CNS depressant, anticonvulsant,
carcinogenic, antimicrobial, antihelmintic, insecticidal, aromatic,
intellect-promoting, emetic, laxative, carminative, stomachic, anthelminthic,
emmenagogue, diuretic, expectorant, anodyne, antispasmodic, antiinflammatory,
antipyretic, sialagogue, tonic, antibacterial & sedative tranquillizing.
Chemical Costituents:
Asarone,
β-asarone, calamenol, calamine, calamenone, eugenol, methyl eugenol, a-pinene&
camphene, various fatty acids, calamol, calamone acoradin, azulene, two selinane
type, sesquiterpenes-acolamone & isocolamone, sugars, glucosides-acorin,
calameon, calamusenone, a flavoneluteolin-6, 8-c-diglucoside, new natural
products acoramone, asarylaldehyde, carcinogen, β-asarone & epoxy
isoacoragermacrone are the main constituents reported from this plant.
MADHU
Latin Name : Mal depuratum Class : Hymenoptera
Family : Epidae English Name : Honey
Sanskrit Name : Madhu, Makshika, Kshodra, Madhwika, Saradha, Makshikavanta,
Varativanta, Bhringavanta & Pushparasodbhava.
Properties:
Rasa :
Madhura, Kashaya Veerya : Sheeta
Anurasa : Kasaya (According to B.P.) Vipaka : Katu
Guna :
Guru, Ruksha, Sheeta Doshghanta : Tridoshahara
Rogaghnata:
Kustha,
Arsha, Kasa, Pitta & Rakta Vikara, Meha, Kaphaja Vikara, Krimi, Meda,
Trisa, Vamana, Shwasa, Hikka, Atisara,
Vidgraha, Daha, Kshata & Kshaya.
Chemical Constituents:
Honey is essentially a solution of Levulose 40 - 50 %, Dextrose 32 - 37 %, and Sucrose 0.4 - 0.6%, Moisture 13 - 20 %, the proportion of the sugar varies with the floral source. The miner constituents of honey are Pestrine and Gums 0.7 %, Ash 0.182 - 1%, and Miscellaneous acid, Pollen grains, Beeswax pigments etc.0.1 - 7 %. It also contains vitamin B, B2, B6, C and Nicotinic acid in traces. It also contains minerals like Potassium, Magnesium, Zinc, Calcium, Iron, Copper, Sulpher, Chloride, Phosphorus, Chromin, Nickel, Silver etc.
Karma:
Lekhana, Sangrahi, Shodhana, Kapha Vilayana & Chedana, Chakshusya, Swarya, Mehaghna, Deepana, Marganusari, Yogavahi, Vranashodhana & Ropana, Srotovishodhana, Varnya, Medhakara, Vrisya, Alpavatakaraka & Kaphapittashamaka.
Pharmacologial Action:
Honey
could lower blood sugar and improve the renal hepatic & bone marrow
functions and lipid profile. It decreases S. Cholesterol, S. LDL, S.
Triglyceride & increase S. HDL level. Honey has antibacterial properties
due to its acidic nature and enzymatically produced hydrogen peroxide. Constant
use of honey strengthens the white blood corpuscles to fight bacteria and viral
diseases. As it contains sugars which are quickly absorbed by our digestive
system and converted into energy, this can be used as instant energizer. As it
is hygroscopic, it speeds up healing, growth of healing tissue and dries it up.
Honey acts as a sedative and is very useful in bed wetting disorders. It is also
a very good anti-oxidant which restores the damaged skin and gives soft, young
looks.
SAINDHAVA LAVANA
Latin Name : Sodii Chloridum
English Name : Rock Salt, Bay Salt, Chloride of Sodium
Sanskrit Name : Saindhava, Sheetashiva, Manimantha, Sindhuja
Properties:
Rasa : Lavana, Madhura
Guna : Snigdha, Tikshna, Sukshma & Laghu
Veerya : Anushna Sheeta & Sheeta (According to Bhavaprakasha)
Vipaka : Madhura
Doshghnata : Tridoshahara
Chemical Constituents:
It is a white transparent & cubic
in shape, which contains NaCl, KCl,
Ca.So4, CaCl2, MgCl2 & NaHCo3. The chloride content is 59.64 w/w
& Sulphide content is 10.40 w/w. Its specific gravity is 2.17.
Karma: Agni Deepaka, Pachaka, Ruchikaraka, Kapha Vilayana &
Chedana, Vrisya, Chakshusya, Hridya & Srustamutrapurisa.
YASTIMADHU
Latin Name : Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
Family : Leguminosae (Sub family: Fabaceae)
Sanskrit Name : Yastimadhu, Yasti, Yastimadhuka, Kleetak, Madhuyastika,
Madhuka, Yashtyahva
English Name : Liquorice Root
Parts Used : Root
Gana : Kanthya, Jivaniya, Sandhaniya, Varnya, Kandughna, Vamanopaga,
Mutravirajaniya, Shonitasthapana, Chardinigrahana, Snehopaga,
Asthapanopaga (Charaka) Kakolyadi, Sarivadi, Anjanadi (Sushruta)
Actions & Uses:
The Roots are sweet, refrigerant, emetic in large doses, tonic,
diuretic, demulcent, mild laxative, aphrodisiac, trichogenous, expectorant,
emmenagogue, alexipharmic, haemostatic, alterant & intellect promoting.
They are useful in hyperdipsia,
cough, bronchitis, ulceration of urinary tract, retention of urine, gastralgia,
gastric ulcer & duodenal ulcers, cephalagia, fever, skin diseases, ophthalmic
diseases, pharyngitis, haemorrhoids, hoarseness of voice, epilepsy, hiccough,
erysipelas, anaemia, meno-metrorrhagia, intrinsic haemorrhage, hemicrania and
urticaria. Decoction of root is good wash for falling & graying of hair. It
is extremely applied for cuts & wounds. It is also indicated in laryngitis,
mucus in eyes, nausea, vomiting, peptic ulcer, cold cough, food poisoning,
leukorrhea, cervicitis, cervical erosion, ulcerative colitis, hiccough, sea
sickness, jet lag, diabetic ulcers, bleeding disorders, acute bronchial asthma,
gingivitis, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, bronchial catarrh, viral infection,
herpes simplex virus, vaccinia & vesicular stomatitis virus.
Properties:
Rasa : Madhura Vipaka : Madhura
Guna : Guru & Snigdha Doshaghnata : Vatapittashamaka
Veerya : Sheeta
Rogaghnata:
Vranashotha, Visha, Khalitya,
Palitya, Shatrabhighataja, Vrana, Vatavikara, Vatarakta, Amavata, Shiroroga, Vamana, Trishna,
Vibandha, Udarashula, Amlapitta, Paittika Apasmara, Hikka, Raktavikara,
Raktalpata, Raktapitta, Shwasa, Kasa, Swarabheda, Yakshma, Uragata Vrana,
Urahkshata, Parshwashula, Mootrakrichhra, Pooyameha, Kandu, Paittika Prameha, Shukrameha, Varnavikara,
Charma Roga, Jeerna jwara, Samanya Daurbalya & Netraroga.
Karma:
Daahashamaka, Keshya, Vedanasthapana, Shothahara, Medhya,
Chhardinigraha, Trishnanigraha, Vatanulomana, Mridurechana, Shonitasthapana,
Kaphanisharaka, Kanthya, Mootrala, Mootravirajaneeya, Balya, Shukravardhaka,Varnya,
Kandughna, Jwarashamaka, Jeevaneeya, Sandhaneeya, Rasayana, Chakshusya, Vatapittashamaka & Raktasthambaka.
Dose: Powder: 3 - 5 gms
Chemical Constituents:
The principle constituents of licorice to which it owes its characteristic sweet taste is Glycyrrhizine. Other constituents present in liquorice are Glucose (up to 3.8%), Sucrose (2.4 - 6.5%), Mannite, Starch (0.30%), Asparagine, Bitter principles, gum, mucilage, Resins (2.4%), volatile oil (0.03 - 0.035%) and colouring matter. The yellow colour is due to anthoxanthine glycoside, isoliquiritin [C2H22O9, M.P.=185-86° (decomp)], which undergoes partial conversion to liquiritin (M.P.=22°) during drying and storage of roots. Isoliquiritin gives an hydrolysis isoliquiritigenin (2,4,4'-trihydroxy chalkone, C15H12O4, M.P. 2.2 - 4°). Both isoliquiritin and liquiritin are bitter with a sweet after taste and stimulate salivary glands. A steroid, estrogen probably estriol, is also reported to be present in the liquorice. A flavanone rhamnoglucoside, M.P.132° isolated from roots; used as smooth muscle relaxant in pharmaceutical composition (Brit 901, 085 (1962), July 11, Chem Abstr, 1962, 57, 113 17h). The presence of haemolytically active saponin has been also reported in the inner bark. Other than these, L = natural steroids, acid resin, phosphoric, sulphuric and malic acids, calcium and magnesium salts, tannin in bark, N= triterpene glycosides (saponins), primarily glycyrrhizine (50x sweeter than sucrose), liquiritic acid & isoflavonoids are also present.
Pharmacological Activities:
Smooth muscle depressant, anti-microbial, hypolipidaemic, antiatherosclerotic, antiviral, hypotensive, hepatoprotective, anti-exudative, Spasmolytic (Due to Glycyrrhizine), antidiuretic, antiulcer, antimutagenic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antacid, anti-nociceptive, expectorant, bronchodilator, emetic, demulcent, adrenocorticotropic, inhibits liver enzyme delta 4-5 β reductase that breaks down cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone & inhibts phospholipase A2 linked to leukotrienes and prastaglandins (mediate inflammation).
The following tables show the detail
Pharmacological Properties of drugs used in the Purva Karma, Pradhana Karma
& Paschata Karma of Vamana Procedures in both groups.
PHARMACOLOGICAL
PROPERTIES OF DRUGS USED FOR
VAMANA KARMA
|
Dravya |
Rasa |
Guna |
Veerya |
Vipaka |
Dosaghnata |
Karma |
|
Milk |
Madhura |
Snigdha, Sheeta |
Sheeta |
Madhura |
Vatapitta Shamaka |
Preenana, Brimhana, Deepana, Srotoshodhaka |
|
Ikshurasa |
Madhura |
Snigdha, Guru |
Sheeta |
Madhura |
Vatapitta Shamaka |
Kaphavardhaka, Slesma- nisharaka,Raktapittahara |
|
Ghee |
Madhura |
Snigdha, Guru, Mridu, Saumya & Sukshma |
Sheeta |
Madhura |
Vatapitta Shamaka & Kaphakara |
Rasayana, Ojovardhaka, Agnideepaka, Medhya, Chakshusya & Ayusya |
|
Madana Phala |
Kasaya, Madhura, Tikta & Katu |
Laghu & Ruksha |
Ushna |
Katu |
Kaphavata Shamaka & Kaphapitta Samshodhaka |
Lekhana, Vamaka, Vidradhi, Pratisyaya, Vrana, Kustha, Anaha, Sotha,
Gulma |
|
Vacha |
Tikta and Katu |
Laghu, Tikshna & Sara |
Ushna |
Katu |
Kaphavata Shamaka |
Vamaka, Kanthya, Shothahara, Medhya, useful in Vibandha, Adhmana, Apasmara, Kaphonmada |
|
Madhu |
Madhura & Kasaya |
Guru, Ruksha & Sheeta |
Sheeta |
Katu |
Tridoshahara |
Yogavahi, Lekhana, Kaphapittashamaka & Srotovishodhaka |
|
Saindhava Lavana |
Lavana, Madhura |
Snigdha, Tikshna, Sukshma & Laghu |
Sheeta |
Madhura |
Tridoshahara |
Agni Deepana, Pachana, Kaphavilayana&chedana |
|
Yasti -madhu |
Madhura |
Guru & Snigdha |
Sheeta |
Madhura |
Pittaghna, Vata and Rakta Shamaka |
Chakshusya, Balya, Kesya, Swarya, Vrana & Sothahara, Vamana,
Kapha- nisharaka |
From
the above listed properties, it was revealed that most of Drugs used for Vamana
Karma have Madhura, Tikta or Katu rasa, Guru & Snigdha as well as Laghu,
Ruksha or Tikshna guna, Shita veerya, Madhura or Katu vipaka and Kaphavata as
well as Vatapittashamaka properties with Kaphanisharaka & Vamaka action.
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF DRUGS USED FOR DHUMAPANA
|
Dravya |
Rasa |
Guna |
Veerya |
Vipaka |
Dosaghnata |
Karma |
|
Agaru |
Katu & Tikta |
Laghu,Ruksha & Teekshna |
Ushna |
Katu |
Kaphavata Shamaka |
Kaphaghna, Shiro- virechana, Shothahara |
|
Vachaa |
Tikta & Katu |
Laghu,Tikshna |
Ushna |
Katu |
--do-- |
Vamaka, Kanthya,
Shothahara |
|
Jyotismati |
Katu & Tikta |
Tikshna |
Ushna |
Katu |
--do-- |
Shirovirechana,Kapha -hara,Vedanasthapana |
|
Harenuka |
Katu & Tikta |
Laghu,Ruksha |
Ushna |
Katu |
--do-- |
Kaphaghna, Vedana- sthapana, Shothahara |
|
Priyangu |
Tikta, Kasaya Madhura |
Guru, Ruksha |
Sheeta |
Katu |
Tridosha Shamaka |
Dahaprashamana, Vedanasthapana & Shothahara |
|
Haridra |
Tikta, Katu |
Ruksha,Laghu |
Ushna |
Katu |
Kaphavata Shamaka |
Shothahara, Vedana- sthapana, Lekhana |
Likewise
from the above listed properties, it was revealed that most of Dhumapana Drugs
have Tikta & Katu rasa, Laghu, Ruksha or Tikshna guna, Ushna veerya, Katu
vipaka and Kaphavatashamaka properties with Kaphaghna & Shirovirechana
action.
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