ASAVA
ARISTHA (Fermented Liquids)
The
method of preparing Asava-Aristha is known as Sandhana Kalpana in Ayurveda.
General methods used in the extraction of medicinal plants in asava and aristha
are infusion & decoction.
Decoction
: - In this process, the crude drug is boiled in a
specific volume of water for a defined time; it is then cooled and strained or
filtered. This procedure is suitable for extracting water-soluble, heat-soluble
constituents. This process is typically used in preparation of Ayurvedic
extracts called Kwath. The starting ratio of crude drug to water is fixed e.g.
1:4 or 1:6. The volume is then brought down to 1/4th of its original
volume by boiling during the extraction procedure. Thereafter the concentrated
extract is filtered and used as such or processed further.
|
1. Ground herbs |
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2. Extraction Infusion/Decoction |
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3. Preparation of fermentation medium
Jaggery/Honey |
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3.A)Powdered flower of Woodfordia Fruticosa |
3.B)Fermentation |
3.C)Powdered Spices |
Fermentation
Process: - During auttum & summer seasons,
fermentation take place in six (06) days, in winter it takes ten (10) days,
during rainy & spring fermentation takes place in eight (08) days. The
fermentation vessel is left undisturbed for a month and then opened. The
preparation is filtered and taken for use. If the filtered preparation shows
further sedimentation, it is allowed to stand for few more days again filtered
to separate sediment. In this usual practice, 7-10 days are enough in the hot
tropical climate and the long period of 30 days allowed in cool temperature
climate when biological performing fermentation in a heap of whole grain of
that season was indicated.
A
crude match box method is applied to check whether fermentation has occurred.
This method depends upon the release of carbon-di-oxide during this process.
The major role in this dosage form is played by woodfordia fruticosa, which is
used as inoculums for fermentation but appears to play a role beyond that.
Testing
Parameters of Asava-Aristha (Standardization Protocol)
|
Raw material |
Testing Parameters |
|
As per Ayurvedic
Pharmacopoeia & GMP guidelines |
Passport data of
plant material (place & date of collection) |
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Part of plant
used,, botanical description |
|
|
Adulteration
reported in literature (if any) |
|
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Substitution
reported in literature (if any) |
|
|
Foreign matter
(if any) |
|
|
Organoleptic
character (colour, odor, taste & texture) |
|
|
Macroscopic and
microscopic characters, powder microscopy |
|
|
Loss on drying at
1050 C / Moisture content |
|
|
pH value (10%
aqueous extract) |
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Total ash |
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Acid insoluble
ash |
|
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Water soluble
extractive |
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Alcohol soluble
extractive |
|
|
Volatile oil
content (if oil containing plants like Asteraceae & Lamiaceae family) |
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|
TLC/HPLC/HPTLC/GLC
(as required) |
|
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Assay for active
constituents (total tannins/ total alkaloids/resins etc. or if individual
constituents) |
|
|
Test for heavy
metals like Pb, Ca, Hg, Ar (limits as per Pharmacopoeia) |
|
|
Pesticides
residue – organo chlorine pesticides, organo phosphorus pesticides,
pyrethroids (limits as per
Pharmacopoeia) |
|
|
Microbial
contamination Total viable
aerobic count Enterobacteriaceae Total fungi count
(limit as per Pharmacopoeia) |
|
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Test for specific
pathogen Escherichia coli,
Salmonella spp, Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (limits as per
Pharmacopoeia) |
|
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Alfatoxins (B1,
B2, G1, G2) (limits as per Pharmacopoeia) |
|
|
Shelf life |
|
Final Product Material |
Testing Parameters |
|
As per Ayurvedic
Pharmacopoeia & GMP guidelines |
Description –
colour, odor, pH |
|
Specific gravity
at 250 C |
|
|
Boiling point |
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Refractive index |
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Optical rotation |
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Viscosity |
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Total solids |
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Alcohol content |
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Reducing and non
reducing sugar |
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TLC/ HPTLC/ GC-MS
(any one or all of these) |
|
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Test for methanol
content |
|
|
Total acidity |
|
|
Test for heavy
metals like Pb, Ca, Hg, Ar (limits as per Pharmacopoeia) |
|
|
Pesticides
residue – organo chlorine pesticides, organo phosphorus pesticides,
pyrethroids (limits as per
Pharmacopoeia) |
|
|
Microbial
contamination Total viable
aerobic count Enterobacteriaceae Total fungi count
(limit as per Pharmacopoeia) |
|
|
Test for specific
pathogen Escherichia coli,
Salmonella spp, Staphyloccocus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (limits as per
Pharmacopoeia) |
|
|
Alfatoxins (B1,
B2, G1, G2) (limits as per Pharmacopoeia) |
|
|
Shelf life |
Asava
Aristha Formulation
|
Name of Asava |
Name of Aristha |
|
Ahiphenasava |
Abhyaristha
|
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Amlakasava
|
Amritaristha |
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Angoorasava
|
Aragwadharistha
|
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Aragwadhadyasava
|
Arjunaristha |
|
Arvindasava |
Ashokaristha |
|
Bhringarajasava
|
Ashwagandharistha |
|
Bilvasava |
Babularistha |
|
Chandanasava
|
Balaristha |
|
Ushirasava |
Dantyaristha |
|
Chitrakasava |
Draksharistha |
|
Dhatryasava |
Durlabharistha |
|
Drakshasava
|
Eladyaristha |
|
Gomutrasava |
Jeerakadyaristha |
|
Guggulwasava |
Kanakabinduristha |
|
Kalmeghasava |
Khadiraristha |
|
Kanakasava |
Kutajaristha |
|
Karpoorasava |
Lakshmanaristha |
|
Kumaryasava |
Mahamanjisthadyaristha
|
|
Kushmandasava |
Mridweekaristha |
|
Lodhrasava |
Mritsanjivani
sura |
|
Lohasava |
Mustakaristha |
|
Madhukasava |
Nimbadyaristha |
|
Vasakasava |
Parthadyaristha
|
|
Nalikerasava |
Patolaristha
|
|
Rohitakasava |
Punarnavaristha |
|
Nimbasava |
Rohitakaristha |
|
Takrasava |
Saraswataristha |
|
Panchakolasava |
Sisisharistha
|
|
Patolasava |
Sudarshanaristha |
|
Patrangasava |
Sukumaristha |
|
Sukumarasava |
Takraristha |
|
Punarnavasava |
Varanadyaristha |
|
Pushkaramulasava |
Vasaristha |
|
Sarivadyasava |
Vidangaristha
|
|
Vidangasava |
Dashamoolaristha
|
Dietary
Restrictions (Should not consume during Asava Aristha administration)
|
(a)Stale foods |
(b)Jaggery |
(c)Oil/fat |
|
(d) Sour food |
(e)Hot spices |
(f)Black lentils |
|
(g)Red lentils |
(h) Chickpeas |
(i)Pickles |
|
(j)Alchohol |
(k)Potato |
(l)Meat |
Asava-Aristha
Formulations and Therapeutic Uses
|
Ashokaristha |
Menstruation
disorder, controls excessive bleeding for prolonged periods during
menstruation, urinary disorder (Yoniruja, swet pradara, jwara, arsha,
raktapitta, mandagni, meha, shotha) |
|
Dashamularistha |
Normalization of
physiological process of childbirth , anti-inflamatory, ano rectal disorders,
jaundice, sterility in female, pneumonia (Arsha, pandu, kamala, udar roga,
mutrakricchha, agnimandya, aruchi, chardi, grahani, gulma, swasa-kasa,
dhatukshaya, vatavyadhi, kustha, prameha, asmari, vandhyattva, sukrakshaya,
daurvalya) |
|
Aravindasava |
Pediatric tonic,
appetizer (Agnimandya, balakshaya, balaroga, karshya, grahadosha) |
|
Arjunaristha |
Cardiotonic,
provides strength to heart muscles, lungs disease (Hridaya roga,
balakshaya, virya kshaya) |
|
Drakshasava |
General tonic,
influenza, blood toner, nourishes body (Vata & pitta dosha, daurvalya) |
|
Kumaryasava |
Vata roga, liver
disorder, piles, constipation, enlargement of spleen, endocrinal deficiency,
blood toner, worm infestation (Udavarta, agnimandya, panktishul,
parinamshul, mutrakricchha, prameha, asmari, raktapitta, apasmar, sukradosa,
krimi, smritikasa, vivarna, udar roga, daurvalya) |
|
Lohasava |
Anemia, piles,
spleen disorder, diabetes, ascites (Jathara roga, pandu, svayathu, gulma,
arsha, agnimandya, pliha, kustha, kandu, kasa, svasa, grahani, hridroga,
bhagandara) |
|
Saraswatharistha |
Seminal weakness (Sukrakshaya) |
|
Mrit
sanjeevani aristha |
Sexual
stimulating tonic, weakness |
|
Sarivadyaristha |
Syphilis |
|
Chandanasava |
Autoimmune
diseases, urinary disorder, digestive disorder, cooling effect,
spermatorrhoea (Sukrameha, mutrakricchha, balakshya, karsya, agnimandya) |
|
Ashwagandharistha |
Weakness,
appetizer, indigestion, vata roga (Apasmara, shosh, karsya, vata roga,
arsha, mutrakricchha, agnimandya, unmada) |
|
Mahamanjisthadyaristha |
Rejuvenator,
blood purifier, skin disorder |
|
Khadiraristha |
Skin disorder,
heart disease, gland disorder (Granthi, gulma, krimi roga, plihodara,
arbuda, panduroga, mahakustha, hriddya, kasa, shwasa) |
|
Kutajaristha |
Irritable bowel
syndrome, fever, improves appetite (Grahani, jwara, raktaisara,
agnimandya) |
|
Devadarvyaristha |
Diabetes (Madhumeha) |
|
Amritaristha |
Fever, malaria (Jwara) |
|
Sirisharistha |
Poisonous
bites |
|
Srikhandasava |
Alcoholism |
|
Vasakasava |
Leprosy, cough,
respiratory disorder, asthma |
|
Ahiphenasava |
Cholera |
|
Aragwadharistha |
Leucoderma |
|
Vidaryadyasava |
Body ache |
|
Patrangasava |
Spermatorrhoea |
|
Lodhrasava |
Obesity (Meha,
aruchi, grahani, pandu, garbhasaya roga, arsha, svitra, kustha, sthoulya, krimi,
pliha, agnimandya) |
|
Balaristha |
Rheumatism,
weakness, vata roga (Daurvalya, vata roga, karsya) |
|
Abhayaristha |
Arsha, udar roga,
mutravivandh, agnimandya, varchovibandha |
|
Sharivadyasava |
Vatarakta, meha,
prameha peedika, upadamsa, bhangandara, raktavikara, daurvalya, agnimandya |
|
Punarnavasava |
Amlapitta, gulma,
udar roga, shotha, pliha, yakrit roga, kricchha sadhya roga |
|
Rohitakaristha |
Pliha roga, udar
roga, arsha, kamala, grahani, gulma, aruchi, asthila, shotha, udar ruja |
|
Jirakadyaristha |
Sutika roga, agnimandya,
atosara, grahani |
|
Kanakasava |
Kasa, swasa,
rajyaksha, kshat kshina |
·
Article noted by Mrs. Radha Jha, CGHS
Prayagraj (Allahabad), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare; Govt. of India
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